• In ER group Histopathological examination followed by

  2020-11-14

  

  In ER + group, Histopathological examination followed by Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) had revealed the absence of HER2 receptors. Co-targeting of ER and HER2 appears to provide benefit without a significant increase in toxicity although formal trials have not been carried out [18]. Adop

• br Acknowledgements Professor Olli A J nne is

  2020-11-14

  

  Acknowledgements Professor Olli A. Jänne is warmly thanked for support and for providing excellent research facilities. Professor Patrik Finne is acknowledged for his help with statistical analyses. Drs Ronald Evans, Vincent Giguère, Jorma Palvimo, Malcolm Parker, and Anastasia Kralli are acknowl

• br Materials and methods br Results and discussion br Conclu

  2020-11-14

  

  Materials and methods Results and discussion Conclusions In the present study, we have shown the important role of miR-204-5p in C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Overexpression of miR-204-5p inhibited myogenic differentiation and decreased the formation of slow-twitch myofibers, whereas miR

• After activation AKT phosphorylates target proteins involved

  2020-11-14

  

  After activation, AKT phosphorylates target proteins involved in cell growth, metabolism and survival (Manning and Cantley, 2007). For example, AKT phosphorylates the pro-apoptotic protein BAD, preventing it from binding to and inactivating Bcl-xL in mitochondria (Datta et al., 1997). In turn, Bcl-x

• br Clinical potential of ET

  2020-11-13

  

  Clinical potential of ET receptor biased ligands Is there a clinical need for ET receptor biased ligands? Evidence is strongest from research in epithelial ovarian cancer demonstrating that ET-1 stimulated ETA-mediated β-arrestin signalling leads to activation of the oncogenic mediator NF-κB [21]

• While agnathans appear to have

  2020-11-13

  

  While agnathans appear to have reduced their Ednr repertoire to the Ednra gene (that may have been amplified in the Arctic lamprey), gnathostomes in general have been relatively inert to Ednr gene loss. Strikingly, the only Ednr gene that has been lost repeatedly is EdnrB2 (lost in therian mammals,

• There are five phosphorylated serines in casein

  2020-11-13

  

  There are five phosphorylated serines in β-casein. However, only phosphorylated Ser35 was identified in the samples hydrolysed with GE at 37 and 50 °C, i.e., f32-42 and f32-44 of β-casein. The identification indicates that phosphorylated peptides were less detectable from the non-phosphorylated pept

• In the SUMOylation pathway SCE

  2020-11-13

  

  In the SUMOylation pathway, SCE1 as an E2 enzyme has an important role in mediating the conjugation of SUMO to target proteins. The accumulated SUMO conjugates in plants are associated with abiotic stress responses (Castro et al, 2012). We performed a drought stress analysis on WT plants, induced by

• br Ubiquitination and deubiquitination pathways

  2020-11-13

  

  Ubiquitination and deubiquitination pathways Ubiquitination is a part of the post-translational modification (PTM) process. Ubiquitination affects proteins in various ways, but its main functions are to signal protein degradation via the 26S proteasome, modify cellular location of proteins, affec

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements The authors are

  2020-11-13

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to laboratory technician Kristina Andersson for expert technical assistance. The authors acknowledge the Swedish Research Council (Grant no. 6834), Region Skåne and Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, for financial support. In

• As mentioned above there are two major pathways for

  2020-11-13

  

  As mentioned above, there are two major pathways for the DSB repair in mammalian cells, NHEJ and HR/HDR (homology-directed repair) [13], [51]. NHEJ is active throughout the cell cycle, predominately during the G0 and G1 phases and is considered the major pathway for the DSB repair in human cells [52

• more info The absence of the LIG

  2020-11-13

  

  The absence of the LIG3 gene in yeasts has prevented the use of genetically tractable lower eukaryotes, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, as models to gain insights into the cellular functions of and interplay between the DNA ligases encoded by the LIG1, LIG3 and LIG4 g

• Alvocidib flavopiridol is a piperidine chromenone http www a

  2020-11-13

  

  Alvocidib (flavopiridol) is a piperidine-chromenone derivative (Fig. 6D) that is not FDA approved, but is in clinical trials for breast, endometrial, and several other cancers and hematological malignancies (Table 4) [[100], [101], [102], [103], [104]]. This drug targets CDK9 (IC50 = 3.2 nM) and CDK

• Nucleophosmin NPM which also plays

  2020-11-13

  

  Nucleophosmin (NPM1), which also plays a role on the nuclear export of ribosomal proteins and subunits (Maggi et al., 2008), is also a relevant MYC target, presumably through an interaction with CRM1. Conversely, it has been recently reported that specific SINE compounds reduce the levels of MYC in

• Social interaction is known to be the main

  2020-11-13

  

  Social interaction is known to be the main source of stress in human beings (Dickerson and Kemeny, 2004, Tamashiro et al., 2005). An animal model of social stress should closely mimic real-life situations in human life (Neisewander et al., 2012); in this context, social defeat in an agonistic encoun

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